Herniated Disc

The intervertebral disc is a shock absorber/cushion between the bones in the spine that allows us to move and bend. It is made up of a rough outer ring (annulus), with a softer material (nucleus pulposus) inside. A herniated disc, also called a "slipped" or "ruptured" disc, is the result of a tear in the outer layer of the disc; due to that tear, a portion of the softer material is pushed out. This material can then contact the nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms and legs. It can happen in any part of the spine, but is most common in the lumbar (lower back) or cervical (neck) regions of the spine. It’s a common occurrence in all ages, and happens in men, women, and children.

What Causes a Herniated Disc?
Herniated discs can occur from excessive strain or injury, or degeneration due to age. However, slipped discs can be prevented, and the risk of recurrence can be reduced, by following these prevention tips:

Prevent a Herniated Disc
The following preventive measures can help prevent herniated discs, or keep them from recurring:

• Strengthen the abdominal and core muscles to support the back and improve posture. Exercises to strengthen the abs include crunches, variations of sit-ups, and other exercises to provide more spine stability. 
• Use proper form when lifting (ie, lift from the knees).
• Avoid stress, which can cause back tension.
• Keep your weight at a healthy level. Extra pounds can put pressure and strain on the back.

Most patients with a herniated disc will make a full recovery after treatment (see Diagnosing and Treating a Herniated Disc).

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