A brain tumor in the pineal region causes symptoms based on what brain system or structure it’s interrupting. Most commonly, these tumors block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing a condition call hydrocephalus. Less frequently, it may put pressure on adjacent brain tissue. Even though the pineal gland secretes melatonin, hormonal abnormalities are not found in patients with pineal region tumors. Germ cell tumors can, in rare occasions, lead to hormonal abnormalities.
A pineal region tumor that blocks the flow of CSF causes hydrocephalus, which will in turn cause:
A tumor that presses against the upper brainstem may cause symptoms that include:
Germ cell tumors of the pineal region will sometimes involve the hypothalamus and cause hormone disruptions, leading to symptoms that include:
Because all these symptoms can be caused by more than one condition, it’s important to get an accurate diagnosis as quickly as possible (see Diagnosing and Treating a Pineal Region Tumor).
Keep in mind, of course, that not all children who have headaches have brain tumors — pineal region tumors are quite rare, as are all pediatric brain tumors. Start with your child’s pediatrician, and if there’s any reason to suspect a neurological condition ask for a referral to a major brain and spine center (see Doctors Who Treat Pediatric Brain Tumors).
Reviewed by Umberto Tosi, MD
Last reviewed/last updated September 2024
